Tuesday, September 25, 2012

Social Learning Theories and References

Socially Distributed Cognition (Hutchins, 1995)
     how connectionist ideas could be applied to social systems. 
  • Hutchins, E. (1995) "How a cockpit remembers its speeds". Cognitive Science, 19, 265-288.
  • Hutchins, Edwin (1995). Cognition in the Wild. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-58146-9.
  • Pea, R. D. (1993). Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education. In G. Salomon (Ed.). Distributed cognitions (pp. 47-87). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Activity theory (Vygotsky, Leont’ev, Luria, and others starting in the 1920s)
       proposed that people are socio-culturally embedded actors, with learning considered using three features – involving a subject (the learner), an object (the task or activity) and tool or mediating artifacts
  • Bedny, Gregory; Meister, David (1997). The Russian Theory of Activity: Current Applications To Design and Learning. Series in Applied Psychology. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-8058-1771-3.
  • Engeström, Yrjö; Miettinen, Reijo; Punamäki, Raija-Leena (1999). Perspectives on Activity Theory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43730-X.

Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1962)
     assumption that people learn by watching what others do which was elaborated further in social learning theory

 Social learning theory (Miller and Dollard).
  • Miller, N. & Dollard, J. (1941). Social Learning and Imitation. Yale University Press.

Situated cognition (Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989; Greeno & Moore, 1993)
     all knowledge is situated in activity bound to social, cultural and physical contexts; knowledge and learning that requires thinking on the fly rather than the storage and retrieval of conceptual knowledge.
  •  Brown, J. S.; Collins, A. & Duguid, S. (1989). "Situated cognition and the culture of learning". Educational Researcher 18 (1): 32–42.
  • Greeno, J. G. (1989). "A perspective on thinking". American Psychologist 44 (2): 134–141. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.134.
  • Greeno, J. G. (1994). "Gibson's affordances". Psychological Review 101 (2): 336–342. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.101.2.336. PMID 8022965.
  • Greeno, J. G. (1998). "The situativity of knowing, learning, and research". American Psychologist 53 (1): 5–26. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.53.1.5.
  • Greeno, J. G. (2006). "Authoritative, accountable positioning and connected, general knowing: Progressive themes in understanding transfer". J. of the Learning Sciences 15 (4): 539–550.
  • Kirshner, D. & Whitson, J. A. (1997) Situated Cognition: Social, semiotic, and psychological perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum (ISBN 0-8058-2038-8) 
  • Kirshner, D.; Whitson, J. A. (1998). "Obstacles to understanding cognition as situated". Educational Researcher 27 (8): 22–28. doi:10.3102/0013189X027008022. JSTOR 1177113.

Community of practice (Lave & Wenger 1991)
     through the process of sharing information and experiences with the group that the members learn from each other, and have an opportunity to develop themselves personally and professionally.

Collective intelligence (Lévy, 1994).

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